Management of epispadias

Abstract

Although epispadias is considered to be the least severe defect of the exstrophy-epispadias complex, the treatment of this anomaly is far from trivial. Epispadias does not involve the body of the bladder or the hindgut but does affect the urethra and can affect the bladder neck. As a consequence, it presents with a spectrum of severity that can affect urinary continence if the epispadias anomaly is proximal enough to affect the urinary sphincter mechanism.