Outcome of reproductive age women with stage IA or IC invasive epithelial ovarian cancer treated with fertility-sparing therapy

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the recurrence rate, survival, and pregnancy outcome in patients with Stage IA and Stage IC invasive epithelial ovarian cancer treated with unilateral adnexectomy.

Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective investigation was undertaken to identify patients with Stage IA and IC epithelial ovarian cancer who were treated with fertility-sparing surgery. All patients with ovarian tumors of borderline malignancy were excluded. Long-term follow-up was obtained through tumor registries and telephone interviews. The time and sites of tumor recurrence, patient survival, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded for every patient.

Results: Fifty two patients with Stage I epithelial ovarian cancer treated from 1965 to 2000 at 8 participating institutions were identified. Forty-two patients had Stage IA disease, and 10 had Stage IC cancers. Cell type was distributed as follows: mucinous, 25; serous, 10; endometrioid, 10; clear cell, 5; and mixed, 2. Histologic differentiation was as follows: grade 1, 38; grade 2, 9; and grade 3, 5. Twenty patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (mean 6 courses, range 3-12 courses). Patients received the following chemotherapeutic agents: cisplatin/taxol or carboplatin/taxol, 11; melphalan, 5; cisplatin and cyclophosphamide, 3; and single-agent cisplatin, 1. Eight patients had second-look laparotomies and all were negative. Duration of follow-up ranged from 6 to 426 months (median 68 months). Five patients developed tumor recurrence 8-78 months after initial surgery. Sites of recurrence were as follows: contralateral ovary, 3; peritoneum, 1; and lung, 1. Nine patients underwent subsequent hysterectomy and contralateral oophorectomy for benign disease. At present, 50 patients are alive without evidence of disease and 2 have died of disease 13 and 97 months after initial treatment. The estimated survival was 98% at 5 years and 93% at 10 years.Twenty-four patients attempted pregnancy and 17 (71%) conceived. These 17 patients had 26 term deliveries (no congenital anomalies noted) and 5 spontaneous abortions.

Conclusion: The long-term survival of patients with Stage IA and IC epithelial ovarian cancer treated with unilateral adnexectomy is excellent. Fertility-sparing surgery should be considered as a treatment option in women with Stage I epithelial ovarian cancer who desire further childbearing.