Development of a new hollow fiber silicone membrane oxygenator for ECMO: the recent progress

Abstract

Throughout the last 50 years, many improvements have been made for a more effective oxygenator. A large plate type membrane oxygenator, used by Clowes, and a coil type, used by Kolff, has evolved into the small hollow fiber oxygenator. The complex bubble oxygenator, or rotating disk oxygenator, has become a small disposable bubble oxygenator. The currently available oxygenators are extremely small, efficient, and can be used for extended periods of time. However, there are some problems with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Currently in the United States, there are no clinically applicable hollow fiber ECMO oxygenators available, in spite of the extended ECMO application. Therefore, the development of a small, yet efficient, silicone hollow fiber membrane oxygenator for long-term ECMO usage was attempted. Based on the results of many experimental models, preclinical oxygenator models for long-term ECMO were developed in our laboratory using an ultra-thin silicone rubber hollow fiber membrane.