Bone loss associated with the use of LHRH agonists in prostate cancer

Abstract

Hypogonadism is a recognised cause of osteoporosis in men. When patients with advanced prostate cancer are treated with luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist analogues their circulating testosterone levels decline and these patients may develop fractures.We have undertaken a cross-sectional study on a cohort of patients treated with goserelin (n=41) and compared their bone density and bone turnover with patients with prostate cancer not on goserelin and elderly patients living in the community.There was no difference in bone density between the patients on treatment and those living in the community and there was a similar incidence of osteoporosis (50 and 42%, respectively). The bone marker measurements were higher in the treated patients: urine N-telopeptide (NTX) 80.1 (9) (mean (s.e.)) BCE/mmol, compared to 30.1 (2.9), P<0.001 in elderly patients; and bone alkaline phosphatase 41.9 (6.1) u/l in treated patients and 20.7 (1.5) in untreated prostate cancer patients, P<0.002. Patients on treatment with radionuclide scan evidence of metastases did not have higher bone marker values than those with negative scans.As increased bone turnover and low bone density are associated with enhanced risk of osteoporotic fractures, we suggest that patients on LHRH agonist analogues should receive advice and possibly anti-bone resorptive treatment with bisphosphonates to prevent further bone loss and fractures.Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2001) 4, 161-166.