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. 2003 Feb;107(2):213-22.
doi: 10.1016/s0166-0934(02)00246-x.

Identification of coronaviruses in dogs that segregate separately from the canine coronavirus genotype

Annamaria Pratelli  1 , Vito Martella, Mauro Pistello, Gabriella Elia, Nicola Decaro, Domenico Buonavoglia, Michele Camero, Maria Tempesta, Canio Buonavoglia
Affiliations

Identification of coronaviruses in dogs that segregate separately from the canine coronavirus genotype

Annamaria Pratelli et al. J Virol Methods. 2003 Feb.

Abstract

The genetic diversity of 16 canine coronavirus (CCoV) samples is described. Samples were obtained from pups infected naturally living in different areas. Sequence data were obtained from the M gene and pol1a and pol1b regions. The phylogenetic relationships among these sequences and sequences published previously were determined. The canine samples segregated in two separate clusters. Samples of the first cluster were intermingled with reference strains of CCoV genotype and therefore could be assigned to this genotype. The second cluster segregated separately from CCoV and feline coronavirus genotypes and therefore these samples may represent genetic outliers. The reliability of the classification results was confirmed by repeating the phylogenetic analysis with nucleotide and amino acid sequences from multiple genomic regions.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic representation of CCoV genome. Arrows indicate the position of the genome fragments analysed.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Amino acid sequence of the M gene of coronaviruses from dog and cat. Asterisks indicate FCoV-like CCoVs. The NH3-terminus ectodomain is boxed.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Amino acid sequence of the M gene of coronaviruses from dog and cat. Asterisks indicate FCoV-like CCoVs. The NH3-terminus ectodomain is boxed.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Evolutionary relationships among coronavirus strains based on nucleotide sequences of M gene (a), pol1a-region A (b), pol1a-region B (c), pol1b-region C (d) and pol1b-region D (e). Branching pattern of the trees was obtained by NEIGHBOR-JOINING. Bootstrap values above 60 out of 100 are shown at the branch points. Double asterisks indicate branches at P<0.01 as calculated by DNAML. Bar indicates the number of nucleotide substitutions/site, calculated by the Kimura's two-parameter model with a transition/transversion of 2.00. Numbers indicate samples amplified and sequenced from faecal samples. Empty and solid circles indicate, respectively, FCoV isolates listed in Table 2 and CCoV isolates amplified from cell cultures and the Insavc strain retrieved from GenBank. In the sake of simplicity, the recombinant FCoV type II strains 79-1146 and 79-1163 are also indicated by their initials.
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