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. 2003 Jan;9(1):55-62.
doi: 10.3201/eid0901.020160.

Highly endemic, waterborne toxoplasmosis in north Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Lílian Maria Garcia Bahia-Oliveira  1 , Jeffrey L Jones, Juliana Azevedo-Silva, Cristiane C F Alves, Fernando Oréfice, David G Addiss
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Highly endemic, waterborne toxoplasmosis in north Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Lílian Maria Garcia Bahia-Oliveira et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Jan.

Abstract

In Campos dos Goytacazes, northern Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, reports of uveitis consistent with toxoplasmosis led to a survey of the prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in 1997-1999. The survey population was selected randomly from schools, randomly chosen communities, and an army battalion. Serum samples from 1,436 persons were tested. With results adjusted for age, 84% of the population in the lower socioeconomic group was seropositive, compared with 62% and 23% of the middle and upper socioeconomic groups, respectively (p<0.001). When multivariate analysis was performed, drinking unfiltered water was found to increase the risk of seropositivity for the lower socioeconomic (odds ratio [OR]: 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 6.9) and middle socioeconomic (OR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3) populations. We also found a high T. gondii seroprevalence in this Brazilian community. Drinking unfiltered water increased the risk of T. gondii seropositivity, indicating the potential importance of oocyst transmission in water in this region.

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Figures

Figure
Figure
Serum prevalence by socioeconomic group and age for the lower, middle, and upper socioeconomic (SE) populations.
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