Intraoperative colloid administration reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting and improves postoperative outcomes compared with crystalloid administration

Abstract

The debate over colloid versus crystalloid as the best solution for intraoperative fluid resuscitation is not resolved. Published studies have shown that mortality is not related to the specific fluid used for resuscitation. In addition, the quality of postoperative recovery between colloid and crystalloid has not been well investigated. In a prospective, blinded fashion, we investigated the effects of colloid and crystalloid resuscitation on nausea and vomiting and on the postoperative patient recovery profile. Patients undergoing major elective noncardiac surgery were randomized to receive 6% hetastarch in saline (HS-NS), 6% hetastarch in balanced salt (HS-BS), or lactated Ringer's solution (LR) on the basis of a fluid administration algorithm. The anesthetic was standardized. Hemodynamic targets included maintenance of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output within a predefined range. A postoperative morbidity survey was performed at baseline and daily after surgery. Ninety patients participated in the study, with 30 patients in each group. The amounts of study fluid (mean +/- SD) administered were 1301 +/- 1079 mL, 1448 +/- 759 mL, and 5946 +/- 1909 mL for the HS-NS, HS-BS, and LR groups, respectively (P < 0.05, HS-NS and HS-BS versus LR). Both the HS-NS and HS-BS (colloid) groups had a significantly less frequent incidence of nausea and vomiting, use of rescue antiemetics, severe pain, periorbital edema, and double vision. We concluded that intraoperative fluid resuscitation with colloid, when compared with crystalloid administration, is associated with an improvement in the quality of postoperative recovery.