Proteoglycan depletion-induced changes in transverse relaxation maps of cartilage: comparison of T2 and T1rho

Abstract

Rationale and objectives: The authors performed this study to (a) measure changes in T2 relaxation rates, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast with sequential depletion of proteoglycan in cartilage; (b) determine whether there is a relationship between the T2 relaxation rate and proteoglycan in cartilage; and (c) compare the T2 mapping method with the spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1rho) mapping method in the quantification of proteoglycan-induced changes.

Materials and methods: T2- and T1rho-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained in five bovine patellae. All images were obtained with a 4-T whole-body MR unit and a 10-cm-diameter transmit-receive quadrature birdcage coil tuned to 170 MHz. T2 and T1rho maps were computed.

Results: The SNR and contrast on the T2-weighted images were, on average, about 43% lower than those on the corresponding T1rho-weighted images. The T2 relaxation rates varied randomly without any particular trend, which yielded a poor correlation with sequential depletion of proteoglycan (R2 = 0.008, P < .70). There was excellent linear correlation between the percentage of proteoglycan in the tissue and the T1rho relaxation rate (R2 = 0.85, P < .0001).

Conclusion: T2-weighted imaging neither yields quantitative information about the changes in proteoglycan distribution in cartilage nor can be used for longitudinal studies to quantify proteoglycan-induced changes. T1rho-weighted imaging, however, is sensitive to sequential depletion of proteoglycan in bovine cartilage and can be used to quantify proteoglycan-induced changes.