[Acute aortic insufficiency]

Abstract

Acute aortic insufficiency can now be diagnosed rapidly and accurately thanks to Doppler echocardiography. The etiologies include infectious endocarditis, aortic dissection, bioprosthesis degeneration and thoracic injury. The clinical diagnosis is substantiated by the particular etiological context, dyspnea and pulmonary edema being the main factors involved. Examination includes finding out whether there is a reduction in the first sound, S1 a generally brief apical diastolic murmur. Echocardiography detects the presence of aortic leakage, the acute character of which is confirmed by the findings of a premature closure of the mitral valve, the existence of telediastolic mitral leakage, a restriction in the transmitral flow, and finally, the absence of left ventricular dilatation. An emergency operation is recommended by most authors in the case of acute aortic leakage due to the major risk or mortality resulting from pulmonary edema, ventricular arrhythmias, electromechanical dissociation or cardiogenic shock.