An unrecognized cause of paralysis in ED: thyrotoxic normokalemic periodic paralysis

Abstract

Hypokalemic paralysis associated with hyperthyroidism (TPP) is a well-known acute electrolyte and muscle function disorder. Lesser known is normokalemic periodic paralysis associated with hyperthyroidism. We describe two cases of young men with acute muscular paralysis and bilateral impairment of sensation over the lower legs who had normal plasma potassium concentrations. They were initially misdiagnosed as having Guillain-Barré syndrome or hysterical paralysis. However, thyroid function tests showed elevated serum T(3) and T(4) and markedly depressed thyroid-stimulating hormone findings consistent with hyperthyroidism. Control of the hyperthyroidism completely abolished their periodic paralysis. Thyrotoxic normokalemic periodic paralysis (TNPP) should be kept in mind as a cause of acute muscle weakness to avoid missing a treatable and curable condition.