Protection against dermonecrotic and lethal activities of Loxosceles intermedia spider venom by immunization with a fused recombinant protein

Abstract

We report the use of a recombinant Loxosceles intermedia spider protein in the form of a fusion protein as an antigen for immunization in rabbits and mice. The aim is to produce model protective antisera in these animals against dermonecrotic and lethal activities of the venom from the Brazilian spider responsible for 3000 cases, reported annually, of spider bites in South Brazil. A protein homologous to the dermonecrotic toxin was cloned from a cDNA expression library made with L. intermedia venom glands, expressed in E. coli cells as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase and the recombinant protein (Li-rec protein) was purified by molecular filtration and affinity chromatography [Kalapothakis et al., Toxicon (2002) in press]. The Li-rec protein was characterized and used as an antigen to generate antibodies in rabbits and mice. These specifically raised antibodies recognized the native venom. In vitro neutralization assay of lethal effects indicated that 1 ml of rabbit serum raised against Li-rec protein was able to neutralize 25 LD(50) of the whole venom. In vivo protection experiments, the fusion proteins induced a long-term protection in rabbits against the dermonecrotic activity of the native venom. Immunized mice were challenged with various doses of the Loxosceles venom. Mice were fully protected against 2.5 LD(50) of venom. This result provides basic data for the use of such recombinant spider proteins as immunogens in the development of anti-venoms for clinical use or can be used as a vaccine providing efficient immune protection against L. intermedia venom.