Soy phytochemicals and tea bioactive components synergistically inhibit androgen-sensitive human prostate tumors in mice

Abstract

Although high doses of single bioactive agents may have potent anticancer effects, the chemopreventive properties of the Asian diet may result from interactions among several components that potentiate the activities of any single constituent. In Asia, where intake of soy products and tea consumption are very high, aggressive prostate cancer is significantly less prevalent in Asian men. The objective of the present study was to identify possible synergistic effects between soy and tea components on prostate tumor progression in a mouse model of orthotopic androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer. Soy phytochemical concentrate (SPC), black tea and green tea were compared with respect to tumorigenicity rate, primary tumor growth, tumor proliferation index and microvessel density, serum androgen level and metastases to lymph nodes. SPC, black tea and green tea significantly reduced tumorigenicity. SPC and black tea also significantly reduced final tumor weights. Green tea did not reduce final tumor weight, although it tended to elevate (P = 0.14) the serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentration. The combination of SPC and black tea synergistically inhibited prostate tumorigenicity, final tumor weight and metastases to lymph nodes in vivo. The combination of SPC and green tea synergistically inhibited final tumor weight and metastasis and significantly reduced serum concentrations of both testosterone and DHT in vivo. Inhibition of tumor progression was associated with reduced tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. This study suggests that further research is warranted to study the role of soy and tea combination as effective nutritional regimens in prostate cancer prevention.

FIGURE 1

Effects of soy phytochemicals and tea combinations on final tumor weight (A) and serum prostate-specific antigen levels (B) in Severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice bearing LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Values are means ± SEM, n = 14-16. Means without a common letter differ, P < 0.05.

FIGURE 2

Effects of soy phytochemicals and tea combinations on tumor proliferation (A), microvessel density (B) and serum levels of total testosterone (C) and dihydrotestosterone (D) in Severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice bearing LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Values are means ± SEM, n = 14-16. Means without a common letter differ, P < 0.05.