NFAT regulation in smooth muscle

Abstract

First identified in activated T cells, the calcium (Ca2+)-dependent transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), has since been shown to play a role in nonimmune cells, including cells of the cardiovascular system. In arterial smooth muscle, the diverse array of calcium-signaling modalities, the functional interplay between smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and the influence of intravascular pressure on calcium and other signaling pathways creates a calcium-regulatory environment that is arguably unique. This review focuses on mechanisms that control the initial Ca2+/calcineurin-dependent events in NFAT activation, with a particular emphasis on NFAT regulation in native vascular smooth muscle. Also addressed is the role of additional mechanisms that act to modulate calcineurin-dependent NFAT nuclear import/export, mechanisms that may have particular relevance in this tissue.