Pattern of bacterial diseases in a cohort of HIV-1 infected adults receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Abstract

Background: WHO/UNAIDS recommended that cotrimoxazole should be prescribed in Africa in HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts < 500 x 10 /l, while closely monitoring bacterial diseases in as many settings as possible.

Methods: Prospective cohort study, describing bacterial morbidity in adults receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (960 mg daily) between April 1996 and June 2000 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Results: Four-hundred and forty-eight adults (median baseline CD4 cell count 251 x 10 /l) were followed for a median time of 26 months. The rates of overall bacterial diseases and of serious bacterial diseases with hospital admission were 36.8/100 person-years (PY) and 11.3/100 PY, respectively. Bacterial diseases were the first causes of hospital admissions, followed by non-specific enteritis (10.2/100 PY), acute unexplained fever (8.4/100 PY), and tuberculosis (3.6/100 PY). Among serious bacterial diseases, the most frequent were enteritis (3.0/100 PY), invasive urogenital infections (2.5/100 PY), pneumonia (2.3/100 PY), bacteraemia with no focus (2.0/100 PY), upper respiratory tract infections (1.6/100 PY) and cutaneous infections (0.6/100 PY). Compared with patients with baseline CD4+ cell counts >or= 200 x 10 /l, other patients had an adjusted hazard ratio of serious bacterial diseases of 3.05 (95% confidence interval, 2.00-4.67; < 0.001). Seventy-five bacterial strains were isolated during serious episodes including 29 non-, 14, 12 spp, and 12.

Discussion: Though with a medium-term rate half that of the short-term rate estimated under placebo before 1998 (26.1/100 PY), serious bacterial morbidity remains the first cause of hospital admission in adults receiving cotrimoxazole in this setting.