Whole genome human/mouse phylogenetic footprinting of potential transcription regulatory signals

Abstract

Phylogenetic footprinting is an efficient approach for revealing potential transcription factor binding sites in promoter sequences. The idea is based on an assumption that functional sites in promoters should evolve much slower then other regions that do not bear any conservative function. Therefore, potential transcription factor (TF) binding sites that are found in the evolutionally conservative regions of promoters have more chances to be considered as "real" sites. The most difficult step of the phylogenetic footprinting is alignment of promoter sequences between different organisms (fe. human and mouse). The conventional alignment methods often can not align promoters due to the high level of sequence variability. We have developed a new alignment method that takes into account similarity in distribution of potential binding sites (motif-based alignment). This method has been used effectively for promoter alignment and for revealing new potential binding sites for various transcription factors. We made a systematic phylogenetic footprinting of human/mouse conserved non-coding sequences (CNS). 60 thousand potential binding sites were revealed in human and mouse genomes. We have developed a database of the predicted potential TF binding sites.

Availability: http://compel.bionet.nsc.ru/FunSite/footprint/; www.gene-regulation.com/.