Epidemiology of traumatic comas: a prospective population-based study

Abstract

Objective: Most studies on patients with severe brain injury (SBI) are based on data from specialized centres. This prospective epidemiologic study included all patients in a defined region with a coma lasting more than 24 hours or leading to a death.

Methods: All patients with a SBI admitted to an emergency department in the region were included during a 1-year period. A data form was completed with initial neurological state, CT scan lesions and associated injuries. Outcome at the end of acute hospitalization was assessed from medical notes.

Results: Two hundred and forty-eight patients were registered. Annual incidence was 8.5/100 000 population. Median age was 41 years. Traffic crashes were the most frequent cause (59%). Falls occurred in 30% (16% from a high level, 14% from one level). Initial GCS was above 8 in 31%, and patients with a neurological deterioration were older (52 vs 32 years). Death occurred in 52% of the cohort. Outcome was related to CT scan diagnosis, delay before eye opening and delay before obeying commands. CONCLUSION. This population-based cohort of patients with SBI was different from patients selected in trauma centres. The patients were older, more often injured in falls and their mortality rate remained very high.