Central line sepsis

Abstract

Since 1980, the placement of central venous access devices has become routine, and these catheters have been of great benefit in the treatment of patients with cancer. Unfortunately, central venous catheters have not been without complications. Central line sepsis has been reported to be one of the most frequently occurring complications, and although it is extremely costly to treat, more importantly, this condition is potentially life threatening to patients. Developing strategies that would prevent central line catheter infections has been a continual challenge for healthcare providers. Studies have been conducted on the use of catheters with antiseptic coatings, antimicrobial coatings, impregnated antimicrobial cuffs, prophylactic antibiotic therapy, antibiotic locks, use of antithrombolytics, different exit site dressings, and the use of various disinfectants for cleansing catheter exit sites. Healthcare providers, including oncology nurses, need to be knowledgeable concerning potential sources of infection and factors that may lead to central line sepsis (Chaiyakunapruk, Veenstra, Lipsky, & Saint, 2002; Darouiche et al., 1999; Little & Palmer, 1998; Veenstra, Saint, Saha, Lumley, & Sullivan, 1999). They need to advocate for the use of sterile technique during catheter insertion and aseptic technique when routine maintenance is provided and be aware of the standard treatments for and potential outcomes of central line catheter infections. In addition, oncology nurses should be encouraged to support and participate in controlled, randomized studies that may provide scientific-based practices that decrease the number of catheter-related infections in the future.