Arthroscopic drilling for chondral, subchondral, and combined chondral-subchondral lesions of the talar dome

Abstract

Purpose: We investigated the efficacy of drilling as a treatment for chondral (C), subchondral (S), and combined chondral-subchondral (CS) lesions of the talar dome associated with trauma, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ankle arthroscopy, and the ankle-hindfoot scale of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS score).

Type of study: Case series study.

Methods: Arthroscopic drilling was performed on 72 patients whose lesions were less than 7 mm in diameter. The patients included 45 men and boys and 27 women and girls whose age at the time of surgery was between 14 and 57 years (mean age, 30.7 +/- 9.5 years). They were followed up for 24 to 71 months (mean follow-up, 39 +/- 6.4 months).

Results: There were 13 cases of chondral lesions, 10 cases of S lesions, and 49 cases of CS lesions. The MRI findings revealed that in the chondral lesion group, 13 cases were unchanged and 0 deteriorated; in the S lesion group, 2 improved, 8 were unchanged, and 0 deteriorated; and in the CS lesion group, 13 improved, 36 were unchanged, and 0 deteriorated. The arthroscopic findings showed that in the chondral lesion group, 2 improved, 9 were unchanged, and 1 deteriorated; in the S lesion group, all 8 cases deteriorated; and in the CS lesion group, 28 improved, 22 were unchanged, and 0 deteriorated. Drilling did not always improve the MRI and arthroscopic findings of the 3 respective types of lesions. However, the mean AOFAS score at the most recent follow-up was excellent; 91.7 +/- 2.4 points in the chondral lesion group, 93.1 +/- 2.1 points in the S lesion group, and 98.8 +/- 1.2 points in the CS lesion group.

Conclusions: Our study shows that drilling did not always improve the MRI and arthroscopic findings. However, the clinical results obtained as measured by the AOFAS score were excellent.