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. 2003 May;9(5):539-44.
doi: 10.3201/eid0905.020428.

Estimating the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in developing countries

John A Crump  1 , Fouad G Youssef, Stephen P Luby, Momtaz O Wasfy, Josefa M Rangel, Maha Taalat, Said A Oun, Frank J Mahoney
Affiliations

Estimating the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in developing countries

John A Crump et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 May.

Abstract

To measure the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in Bilbeis District, Egypt, we conducted a household survey to determine patterns of health seeking among persons with fever. Then we established surveillance for 4 months among a representative sample of health providers who saw febrile patients. Health providers collected epidemiologic information and blood (for culture and serologic testing) from eligible patients. After adjusting for the provider sampling scheme, test sensitivity, and seasonality, we estimated that the incidence of typhoid fever was 13/100,000 persons per year, and the incidence of brucellosis was 18/100,000 persons per year in the district. This surveillance tool could have wide applications for surveillance for febrile illness in developing countries.

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Febrile illness surveillance pyramid.
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