The effectiveness and safety of hepatitis A vaccine: a systematic review

Abstract

We report on the conduct of a systematic review to assess the efficacy and the safety of hepatitis A vaccines in adults and children. We identified, retrieved, and assessed all trials evaluating the effects of hepatitis A vaccines on prevention of cases of hepatitis A, death from hepatitis A, and assessing nature and frequency of adverse events. We included eight randomised trials, four containing efficacy outcomes, three containing only safety outcomes and a single study containing efficacy and adverse events outcomes. Combined inactivated vaccine effectiveness was 86% (95% CI: 63-95%). Combined attenuated vaccine effectiveness was 95% (95% CI: 81-99%). Inactivated vaccine effectiveness in the prevention of HAV secondary cases, compared to non-intervention was 82% (95% CI: 23-96%). Safety profile of vaccines was similar to that of their comparators. Despite poor design and reporting of trials, we found convincing evidence of the effectiveness and safety of inactivated HAV vaccines.