Culturally competent treatment of African American clients among a national sample of outpatient substance abuse treatment units

Abstract

This study measures the level of cultural competency with respect to African American clients that exists among a national sample of outpatient substance abuse treatment (OSAT) units and determines the relationship of cultural competency to various characteristics of these units and their clients. The study utilizes cross-sectional data from the 1995 National Drug Abuse Treatment System Survey (NDATSS). The sample for NDATSS was randomly selected from a comprehensive list of OSAT programs compiled by the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan in 1994. Of the nationally representative, stratified sample of 699 units, 618 (88%) participated. Spearman correlation, analysis of variance, Behrens-Fisher t-tests, and chi-square were used for bivariate comparisons. Culturally competent units are typically public, federal-funded organizations. Staffs of culturally competent units are typically college-educated with specialized treatment certification. High severity of illness as well as increased social distresses is pervasive among the clients of culturally competent units. Consideration of this client profile may be a key determinant in evaluating the effectiveness of cultural competency for African American substance abusers.