Effects of some risk factors and immunodeficiencies on the periodontium--a review

Abstract

The possible role systemic factors might play in initiating or modifying the progress of periodontal disease has been a controversial issue for some time. Gingivitis is initiated by microbial plaque deposits on the dento-gingival interface but progression to periodontitis is modified by several environmental, behavioural, biological and health care variables. The importance of the immune system in modifying the host response to plaque is well established and as such, the immune system is a risk factor for human and animal periodontal disease. This paper reviews the modifying risk factors for periodontal disease and examines the periodontal manifestations of subjects with primary and acquired immuno-deficiencies.