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Review
. 2002;24(2):109-24.
doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxf004.

Vaginal douching: evidence for risks or benefits to women's health

Jenny L Martino  1 , Sten H Vermund
Affiliations
Review

Vaginal douching: evidence for risks or benefits to women's health

Jenny L Martino et al. Epidemiol Rev. 2002.
No abstract available

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Pelvic inflammatory disease and douching. Top: This figure represents the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from several studies that looked at pelvic inflammatory disease and douching. Bottom: This figure represents the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from several studies that looked at pelvic inflammatory disease and various frequencies of douching. *, estimated n = 231 based on two studies (10, 104).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Ectopic pregnancy and douching. Top: This figure represents the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from several studies that looked at ectopic pregnancy and douching. Bottom: This figure represents the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from several studies that looked at ectopic pregnancy and various frequencies of douching. *, estimated n = 1,000 based on five studies (81, 120-123).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Cervical cancer and douching. Top: This figure represents the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from several studies that looked at cervical cancer and douching. Middle: This figure represents the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from several studies that looked at cervical cancer and various frequencies of douching. Bottom: This figure represents the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from several studies that looked at cervical cancer and long durations of douching. CIS, carcinoma in situ; ICC, invasive cervical cancer. *, estimated n = 2,081 based on six studies (128-132, 134); †, error in original paper as to lower bound of 95% confidence interval: 0.8; our estimate of likely correct lower bound: 0.3.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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