Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2003 May 15;23(10):3963-71.
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-10-03963.2003.

The underpinnings of the BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging signal

Nikos K Logothetis  1
Affiliations
Review

The underpinnings of the BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging signal

Nikos K Logothetis. J Neurosci. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Measured responses as well as the measured and estimated BOLD response. Residual analysis showed increased error for longer pulse duration. Visual inspection of the data from 24-sec-long stimulus presentation revealed greatly increased residuals after the initial ramp of the BOLD response, suggesting lack of time invariance and the existence of nonlinearities not captured by the Wiener–Kernel analysis applied here to the data.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Simultaneous neural and hemodynamic recordings from a cortical site showing transient neural response. Note that both single-and multiple-unit responses adapt a couple of seconds after stimulus onset, with LFP remaining the only signal correlated with the BOLD response. The spike density function (SDF) reflects the instantaneous firing rate of a small population of neurons isolated during the analysis by using standard mathematical methods.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Adrian ED, Zotterman Y ( 1926) The impulses produced by sensory nerve-endings, Part 2. The response of a single end-organ. J Physiol (Lond) 61: 151–171. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ahissar E, Vaadia E ( 1990) Oscillatory activity of single units in a somatosensory cortex of an awake monkey and their possible role in texture analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 8935–8939. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Aika Y, Ren JQ, Kosaka K, Kosaka T ( 1994) Quantitative analysis of GABA-like-immunoreactive and parvalbumin-containing neurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus using a stereological method, the dissector. Exp Brain Res 99: 267–276. - PubMed
    1. Ajmone-Marsan C ( 1965) Electrical activity of the brain: slow waves and neuronal activity. Israel J Med Sci 1: 104–117. - PubMed
    1. Arezzo J, Legatt AD, Vaughan HGJ ( 1979) Topography and intracranial sources of somatosensory evoked potentials in the monkey. I. Early components. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 46: 155–172. - PubMed

Publication types