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Review
. 2003 May 15;23(10):3963-71.
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-10-03963.2003.

The underpinnings of the BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging signal

Nikos K Logothetis  1
Affiliations
Review

The underpinnings of the BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging signal

Nikos K Logothetis. J Neurosci. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Measured responses as well as the measured and estimated BOLD response. Residual analysis showed increased error for longer pulse duration. Visual inspection of the data from 24-sec-long stimulus presentation revealed greatly increased residuals after the initial ramp of the BOLD response, suggesting lack of time invariance and the existence of nonlinearities not captured by the Wiener–Kernel analysis applied here to the data.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Simultaneous neural and hemodynamic recordings from a cortical site showing transient neural response. Note that both single-and multiple-unit responses adapt a couple of seconds after stimulus onset, with LFP remaining the only signal correlated with the BOLD response. The spike density function (SDF) reflects the instantaneous firing rate of a small population of neurons isolated during the analysis by using standard mathematical methods.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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