Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for stage T1 grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: recurrence, progression and survival in a study of 57 patients

Abstract

Purpose: Stage T1 grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is associated with a high risk of tumor recurrence and progression. We report our experience with stage T1 grade 3 bladder tumors treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy in the last 10 years.

Materials and methods: We analyzed the outcome in 57 consecutive patients treated with intravesical BCG for stage T1 grade 3 bladder cancer between 1991 and 2001. After initial transurethral resection all patients received a 6-week course of BCG therapy consisting of 1 instillation weekly. All patients underwent systematic biopsies at the end of the first BCG course. Patients with negative biopsies received maintenance BCG therapy, consisting of intravesical instillations each week for 3 weeks given 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months after the first course. Patients with residual tumor received a second course of 6 weekly instillations. Time to tumor recurrence and progression, and the rate of patient survival were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: Median followup was 53 months (range 9 to 110). Minimum followup was 2 years in 36 cases (63.2%) and 5 years in 28 (49.1%). After the first BCG course 50 patients (87.7%) had no residual disease, while 7 (12.3%) had residual tumor. The recurrence and progression rates were 42.1% and 22.8%, respectively. The rate of delayed cystectomy was 14%. The rate of disease specific survival was 87.7%.

Conclusions: Our study confirms that BCG therapy is effective conservative treatment for patients with stage T1 grade 3 bladder tumors.