Hypocalcaemia of acute pancreatitis: the effect of hypoalbuminaemia

Abstract

Hypoalbuminaemia has been consistently observed in a prospective study of 130 patients with acute pancreatitis. A study was initiated, therefore, to find out if the hypocalcaemia of acute pancreatitis could be explained by the associated hypoalbuminaemia. 64.4% of all serum calcium results were in the apparently hypocalcaemic range. A comparable incidence of hypoalbuminaemia was observed. The 'uncorrected' total serum calcium and serum albumin showed a similar pattern in their daily changes and also a significant correlation overall. When correction of serum calcium was made for albumin levels, only 10.9% of all results represented varying degrees of 'true' hypocalcaemia. Mortality and severity of acute pancreatitis related as closely to hypoalbuminaemia as to uncorrected hypocalcaemia. It is concluded that a low serum albumin should be regarded as the most common cause of a low serum calcium in acute pancreatitis. Routine albumin administration is proposed, a procedure which has been shown to be associated with improved mortality rate and morbidity in this disease.