Differential anxiolytic effect of enalapril and losartan in normotensive and renal hypertensive rats

Abstract

The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril (EPL) (2 and 4 mg/kg), angiotensin (AT) II receptor antagonist losartan (LRN) (5 and 10 mg/kg), and anxiolytic drug diazepam (DZP) (0.5 mg/kg) on anxiety parameters were evaluated in experimentally induced renal hypertensive rats (RHR). Renal hypertension was induced in Wistar strain male albino rats weighing 200-250 g by following the method of Goldblatt. The animals having systolic blood pressure more than 180-210 mm Hg were subjected to open-field exploratory behaviour, elevated plus maze behaviour, and social interaction tests of anxiety. The RHR showed hyperactivity in open-field behaviour and anxiogenicity in elevated plus maze and social interaction tests. Losartan (5 and 10 mg/kg) and DZP (0.5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the hyperactivity and anxiogenic behaviour in experimentally induced hypertensive rats and induced anxiolysis in normotensive rats (NTR). Enalapril reversed the hypertension-induced alteration only at higher dose (4 mg/kg) and failed to show any effect in NTR. It can be concluded that renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) has a significant role on behaviour, and LRN has shown better effect in reversing the hyperactivity and anxiogenicity in the experimentally induced hypertensive rats, indicating a possible role of AT receptor in the mediation of anxiolysis.