Malnutrition, muscle wasting and cachexia in chronic heart failure: the nutritional approach
- PMID: 12784775
Malnutrition, muscle wasting and cachexia in chronic heart failure: the nutritional approach
Abstract
Malnutrition, muscle wasting and cachexia are often present in chronic heart failure (CHF). However, malnutrition in CHF patients is not always as severe as muscle wasting. Data in the literature show that 24% of CHF patients have malnutrition (albumin < 3.5 mg/dl) but 68% have muscle atrophy. This apparent discrepancy can be explained by considering the metabolic role of the striate muscle. In fact, the striate muscle maintains the body metabolic performance by continuous exchanges of fuels (amino acids) with the liver. This happens in case of malnutrition or starvation. In such situations, glucose is produced by gluconeogenesis when amino acids are metabolized in the liver. Malnutrition, muscle wasting and the frequent progression through cachexia can be reduced by specific therapy such as cytokine and/or catabolic hormone antagonists. This is because cytokines and catabolic hormones, with consequent insulin resistance, cause muscle wasting. An alternative and/or complementary therapy may be exogenous amino acid supplementation. In fact, amino acids: a) are rapidly absorbed regardless of pancreatic activity, b) reduce insulin resistance, c) induce the hepatic synthesis of anabolic molecules such as growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor, and d) modulate the catabolic hormonal-mediated effects on adipocytes. Research on the best suitable qualitative and quantitative amino acid composition for an alternative and/or complementary therapy is still being studied in different research centers.
Similar articles
-
Waste management - cytokines, growth factors and cachexia.Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2006 Dec;17(6):475-86. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2006.09.006. Epub 2006 Nov 22. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2006. PMID: 17118696 Review.
-
Insulin-like growth factor-1 and muscle wasting in chronic heart failure.Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 Oct;37(10):2023-35. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.04.017. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005. PMID: 15964237 Review.
-
Muscle wasting in cardiac cachexia.Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 Oct;37(10):1938-47. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.03.013. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005. PMID: 15927519 Review.
-
Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function, exercise capacity, and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure.Circulation. 2004 Dec 14;110(24):3674-9. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000149746.62908.BB. Epub 2004 Nov 29. Circulation. 2004. PMID: 15569841 Clinical Trial.
-
Crossroads of cytokine signaling--the chase to stop muscle cachexia.J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;59 Suppl 9:251-64. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008. PMID: 19261984 Review.
Cited by
-
How Can Malnutrition Affect Autophagy in Chronic Heart Failure? Focus and Perspectives.Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 24;22(7):3332. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073332. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. PMID: 33805128 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Obesity Paradox and the Effect of NT-proBNP on All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.Clin Cardiol. 2024 Nov;47(11):e70044. doi: 10.1002/clc.70044. Clin Cardiol. 2024. PMID: 39514242 Free PMC article.
-
The Neutrophil-to-Albumin Ratio as a New Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure.J Inflamm Res. 2022 Feb 2;15:701-713. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S349996. eCollection 2022. J Inflamm Res. 2022. PMID: 35140500 Free PMC article.
-
Impact of the Malnutrition on Mortality in Elderly Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Clin Interv Aging. 2021 Jul 14;16:1347-1356. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S308569. eCollection 2021. Clin Interv Aging. 2021. PMID: 34290497 Free PMC article.
-
Akt2 knockout mitigates chronic iNOS inhibition-induced cardiomyocyte atrophy and contractile dysfunction despite persistent insulin resistance.Toxicol Lett. 2011 Dec 15;207(3):222-31. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.09.015. Epub 2011 Sep 22. Toxicol Lett. 2011. PMID: 21964073 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Other Literature Sources
Medical