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. 2003 Jun;46(3):176-82.

[Abdominal complications associated with cardiac surgery. Review of a contemporary surgical experience and of a series done without extracorporeal circulation]

[Article in French]
Brigitte Poirier  1 , Richard Baillot, Richard Bauset, François Dagenais, Patrick Mathieu, Serge Simard, Brigitte Dionne, Manon Caouette, Frédéric-Simon Hould, Daniel Doyle, Paul Poirier
Affiliations

[Abdominal complications associated with cardiac surgery. Review of a contemporary surgical experience and of a series done without extracorporeal circulation]

[Article in French]
Brigitte Poirier et al. Can J Surg. 2003 Jun.

Abstract
in English, French

Introduction: To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors and morbidity associated with gastrointestinal (GI) complications after cardiac surgery, with and without cardiopulmonary bypass, we carried out a retrospective cohort study at a university teaching hospital.

Methods: We divided the 11,405 eligible adult patients into 2 groups: group A (operated on between January 1992 and June 1996) (4657 patients) and group B (operated on between July 1996 and December 2000) (6748 patients).

Results: We found 147 GI complications in 134 (1.2%) patients. The incidence of GI morbidity was similar for the 2 groups of patients (group A, n = 59/4657 [1.2%]; group B, n = 75/6748 [1.1%]. Patients from group B were older, obese, diabetic and presented with more peripheral and cerebrovascular disease. Bleeding, gastritis and ulcer with perforation, the most common of these GI events, were associated with the esophagus and stomach (67/147 [45.5%]). Other events that we documented included cholecystitis 10 (6.8%), pancreatitis 13 (8.8%), episodes of small and large bowel ischemia 17 (11.6%), pseudomembranous colitis 12 (8.3%) and diverticulitis 5 (3.4%). Mesenteric ischemia was responsible for 11 (37.9%) of the 29 deaths. Two hundred and ninety-three patients were revascularized without extracorporeal circulation during this study. In this group, we were able to pinpoint 5 (1.7%) GI complications with 3 cases of mesenteric ischemia. Multivariate analysis identified renal insufficiency, prolonged intubation and sepsis as significant, predictive variables of GI complications for the 2 groups of patients whereas the Parsonnet score and stroke were predictive for the second group.

Conclusions: Although cardiac surgery is now being performed on older patients with significant comorbidity, we could not demonstrate a significant increase of GI complications after cardiac surgery. Off-pump coronary artery bypass does not seem to protect patients from these complications.

Introduction: Pour évaluer l'incidence, les facteurs de risque et la morbidité associés aux complications gastro-intestinales (GI) suite à une chirurgie cardiaque avec ou sans circulation extra-corporelle (CEC), nous avons effectué une étude rétrospective de cohortes dans un hôpital universitaire.

Méthodes: 11 405 patients adultes répartis en 2 groupes : groupe A (de janvier 1992 à juin 1996, 4657 patients) et groupe B (de juillet 1996 à décembre 2000, 6748 patients).

Résultats: 134 patients (1,2 %) ont présenté 147 complications. Le pourcentage des événements GI fut identique pour les 2 groupes (groupe A, n = 59/4657 [1,2 %]; groupe B, n = 75/6748 [1,1 %]). Le groupe B était composé de patients plus âgés, obèses, diabétiques ayant une maladie vasculaire cérébrale et périphérique. Les complications les plus fréquentes sont associées à l'œsophage et l'estomac, n = 67/147 (45,5 %). Nous identifions à la suite 10 (6,8 %) cholécystites, 13 (8,8 %) pancréatites, 17 (11,6 %) atteintes ischémiques du grêle et du colon, 12 (8,2 %) colites pseudomembraneuses et 5 (3,4 %) diverticulites. L'ischémie mésentérique est responsable de 11 (37,9 %) des 29 décès; 293 patients ont subi une revascularisation myocardique à cœur battant. Cinq patients (1,7 %) ont présenté des complications GI dont trois avec ischémie viscérale. L'analyse multivariée démontre que l'insuffisance rénale, l'intubation prolongée et l'infection sont associées aux complications GI dans les deux groupes alors que le score de Parsonnet et l'accident vasculaire cérébral apparaissent prédictifs dans le second groupe.

Conclusions: Ces résultats démontent que le nombre de patients qui présentent des complications GI lors d'une chirurgie cardiaque n'augmente pas malgré le caractère sénescent et la co-morbidité. La chirurgie coronarienne pratiquée sans CEC ne semble pas diminuer l'incidence des complications GI.

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