Tissue Doppler imaging predicts the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in subjects with subclinical disease

Abstract

Background: Systolic (Sa) and diastolic (Ea) myocardial velocities measured by tissue Doppler (TD) imaging (TDI) recently were shown to be decreased in subjects who have mutations causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) but who do not have left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. By studying these subjects at a later date, we sought to determine whether TDI predicts the subsequent evolution of the HCM phenotype.

Methods and results: Serial 2D and Doppler echocardiography were performed in 12 subjects (age range, 17 to 51 years) with HCM-causing mutations on 2 occasions: before development of hypertrophy and 2 years later. Twelve age- and gender-matched family members without mutations were included as control subjects. In those with mutations, mean septal thickness and LV mass were 1.07+/-0.14 cm and 103.0+/-11 g at baseline, respectively, and increased to 1.30+/-0.36 cm and 193.0+/-78 g at follow-up (P<0.01), with 6 subjects satisfying HCM diagnostic criteria. Sa and Ea velocities in those with mutations were lower compared with control subjects at baseline and follow-up (lateral Sa, 15+/-1.2 versus 8.2+/-2.1 cm/s; lateral Ea, 16.5+/-2.8 versus 8.1+/-2.3 cm/s; P<0.01). At 2 years, left atrial volume and pulmonary venous flow indices of LV filling pressures increased, whereas TD early and late diastolic velocities decreased (all P<0.05) in those with the mutations. Control subjects had no significant interval changes of the above parameters.

Conclusions: Subsequent development of HCM in subjects with initially reduced TD velocities establishes TDI as a reliable method for early identification of HCM mutation carriers.

Individual data points showing septal and lateral Sa and Ea velocities at baseline and follow-up in both groups: the 12 subjects who had inherited the causal mutations for HCM and the 12 individuals in the control group. M+ LVH− indicates mutation-positive, LV hypertrophy–negative subjects; Base, baseline.