Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2003 Jul 22;100(15):8621-3.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1633291100. Epub 2003 Jul 14.

The two faces of transforming growth factor beta in carcinogenesis

Anita B Roberts  1 , Lalage M Wakefield
Affiliations
Review

The two faces of transforming growth factor beta in carcinogenesis

Anita B Roberts et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
TGF-β switches from tumor suppressor in the premalignant stages of tumorigenesis to prooncogene at later stages of disease leading to metastasis. Progression to metastatic disease is generally accompanied by decreased or altered TGF-β responsiveness and increased expression or activation of the TGF-β ligand. These perturbations, along with other changes in genetic or epigenetic context of the tumor cell and its stromal environment, combine to alter the spectrum of biological responses to TGF-β.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

References

    1. Roberts, A. B. & Sporn, M. B. (1985) Cancer Surv. 4, 683–705. - PubMed
    1. Wakefield, L. M. & Sporn, M. B. (1990) Immunol. Ser. 51, 217–243. - PubMed
    1. Wakefield, L. M. & Roberts, A. B. (2002) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 12, 22–29. - PubMed
    1. de Caestecker, M. P., Piek, E. & Roberts, A. B. (2000) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92, 1388–1402. - PubMed
    1. Akhurst, R. J. & Derynck, R. (2001) Trends Cell Biol. 11, S44–S51. - PubMed

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources