Complications and outcome after thoracodorsal axial pattern flap reconstruction of forelimb skin defects in 10 dogs, 1989-2001

Abstract

Objective: To determine (1) the frequency and extent of complications associated with thoracodorsal axial pattern flap reconstruction of forelimb skin defects in dogs and (2) outcome after treatment of such complications.

Study design: Retrospective clinical study.

Sample population: Ten dogs.

Methods: Medical records for 10 dogs that had a thoracodorsal axial pattern skin flap reconstruction of a forelimb skin defect were reviewed.

Results: Three dogs had complete flap survival. Partial necrosis of the distal flap, ranging from an estimated 2% to 53% (mean, 21%) of the flap surface area, occurred in 7 dogs. Six dogs required surgical management of the skin necrosis, resulting in successful resolution in 5 dogs, whereas, in 2 dogs, the wound healed by second intention. Positive bacterial cultures were obtained from 3 dogs with distal flap necrosis. Seroma formation was noted in 2 dogs; the entire flap survived in 1 dog, whereas the second dog developed distal flap necrosis. Edema and bruising of the distal portion of the flap were noted in 8 dogs; distal flap necrosis subsequently developed in 7 dogs. Partial incisional dehiscence, which healed by second intention, occurred in 2 dogs. Of 6 owners available for follow-up, all were satisfied with the functional outcome, but 1 owner was not satisfied with the cosmetic appearance.

Conclusions: Partial flap necrosis was a frequent complication of thoracodorsal axial pattern flap reconstruction of forelimb skin defects and required additional wound care or surgical intervention to achieve healing.

Clinical relevance: Thoracodorsal axial pattern flaps can provide full-thickness skin coverage of extensive skin defects of the forelimb, but owners should be aware of the likelihood of local wound complications.