Lidocaine 0.5% spinal anaesthesia: a hypobaric solution for short-stay perirectal surgery

Abstract

The efficacy of subarachnoid injection of 8 ml lidocaine 0.5% was assessed in ten outpatients having perirectal surgery in the jackknife position. This solution is hypobaric, with a baricity 0.9985 +/- 0.0003 (mean +/- SD). Injections were made with the patient in the surgical position (with the upper torso at a 15 degrees downward inclination). Sensory level was tested by pinprick. Times to two-segment regression, to complete resolution of sensory analgesia, to urination, and to discharge from the recovery room were recorded. All injections produced effective anaesthesia for surgery. Lidocaine 0.5% behaves clinically as a hypobaric solution. Dermatomal levels remained low (T11 to L5) while the patients were in the surgical position (head down), but rose two to six dermatomes if the patient's head was elevated after surgery. Time to two-segment regression was 97 +/- 36 min, time until regression to S1 was 116 +/- 22 min, time to complete resolution of sensory blockade was 151 +/- 23 min, time to urination was 197 +/- 64 min, and time to discharge from the recovery room was 205 +/- 45 min. Lidocaine 0.5% provides effective spinal anaesthesia of short duration appropriate for outpatient surgical procedures. Dermatomal sensory spread of anaesthesia, and our measurements of specific gravity, indicate that this solution is hypobaric. It appears that changes in position can alter the spread of analgesia for at least one hour after injection and, thus, we caution against elevating the patient's head in the immediate postoperative period.