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Review
. 2003 Aug;9(8):1003-8.
doi: 10.1038/nm908.

Attacking pain at its source: new perspectives on opioids

Christoph Stein  1 , Michael Schäfer, Halina Machelska
Affiliations
Review

Attacking pain at its source: new perspectives on opioids

Christoph Stein et al. Nat Med. 2003 Aug.

Abstract

The treatment of severe pain with opioids has thus far been limited by their unwanted central side effects. Recent research promises new approaches, including opioid analgesics acting outside the central nervous system, targeting of opioid peptide-containing immune cells to peripheral damaged tissue, and gene transfer to enhance opioid production at sites of injury.

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