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. 2003;2003(3):CD001458.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001458.

Antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after carotid endarterectomy

S Engelter, P Lyrer

Antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after carotid endarterectomy

S Engelter et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003.

Abstract

Background: Antiplatelet drugs are effective and safe in a wide variety of patients at high risk of vascular ischaemic events. Among patients undergoing vascular surgical procedures, these agents significantly reduce the risk of graft or native vessel occlusion. In this context we wished to examine their effects in patients after carotid endarterectomy (CEA).

Objectives: The objective of this review was to evaluate whether antiplatelet agents are safe and beneficial after endarterectomy of the internal carotid artery.

Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched: 1 October 2002). In addition we performed comprehensive searches of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2002), MEDLINE (January 1966 to September 2002) and EMBASE (January 1980 to September 2002), and checked all relevant papers for additional eligible studies.

Selection criteria: We selected randomised, controlled, unconfounded trials comparing antiplatelet agents with control after carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis of different degrees. Treatment duration had to be at least 30 days after CEA. Follow-up should be at least three months.

Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality, and extracted data independently from each other. From each trial we extracted, first the number of patients originally allocated to each treatment group, and, second the number of patients who met the criteria for each outcome (intention-to-treat analysis). We calculated a weighted estimate of the odds for each outcome event across studies using the Peto odds ratio method.

Main results: Six trials involving 907 patients were identified. For 'death (all causes)' the Peto odds ratio of 0.77 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.48-1.24 did not show a statistically significant difference between both treatment groups. For 'stroke (any)' the Peto odds ratio of 0.58 (95%CI: 0.34-0.98) indicated a statistically significant benefit in favour of antiplatelet drugs (p=0.04). Concerning the secondary outcome events 'vascular death', 'stroke or vascular death', 'serious vascular events', 'death or dependency', 'myocardial infarction', 'major extracranial haemorrhage', 'local haemorrhage requiring surgery', 'restenosis', 'TIA or amaurosis fugax', neither any benefit nor any hazard of antiplatelet drugs could be shown. For the outcome events 'intracranial haemorrhage', 'ischaemic stroke' and 'occurrence or progression of contralateral stenosis', data were either too sparse for meaningful analyses, or not available at all.

Reviewer's conclusions: Our results may indicate that antiplatelet drugs did not significantly change the odds of 'death' but reduce the outcome 'stroke of any cause' in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. However, it can not be excluded that the beneficial effect in reducing stroke is due to chance. There is a suggestion that antiplatelets may increase the odds of haemorrhage, but there are currently too few data to quantify this effect.

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Conflict of interest statement

None known.

Figures

1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 1 Death (all causes).
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 2 Stroke (any stroke during the follow‐up period).
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 3 Vascular death.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 4 Stroke or vascular death.
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 5 Serious vascular events during follow‐up period.
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 6 Death or dependency at the end of follow up.
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 7 Myocardial infarction (all).
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 8 Non‐fatal myocardial infarction.
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 9 Ischaemic stroke during follow‐up period.
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 10 Intracranial haemorrhage.
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 11 Major extracranial haemorrhage.
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 12 Local haemorrhage requiring surgery.
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 13 Recurrent stenosis.
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1 Antiplatelets versus control, Outcome 15 TIA or amaurosis fugax.
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