Immunofluorescence analysis of the basement membrane zone components in human anagen hair follicles

Abstract

The ultrastructure and constituent components of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of the interfollicular epidermis have been well characterized. However, little is known about the junctions between dermal papilla and the surrounding epithelial cells of the hair bulb, as well as those junctions between connective tissues and epithelial cells outside the hair follicle. In the present study, immunofluorescence was used to determine the expression of various BMZ components, particularly plectin, BP230, BP180, alpha6beta4 integrin, laminin 5 and type VII collagen, in anagen hair follicles from human scalp. All the BMZ components examined showed essentially the same immunofluorescence staining pattern. Specifically, staining of the upper portion of the hair follicle demonstrated expression of all BMZ components with a labeling intensity similar to that found in the interfollicular epidermis. Staining in the lower portion of the hair follicle, however, was markedly different: all the BMZ components showed a gradual decrease in staining intensity. Particularly, outside the hair bulb, the linear staining was diminished and even discontinuous in some areas. Finally, between dermal papilla and epithelial cells inside the hair bulb, there was a strong immunoreactivity for all the BMZ components except for BP230, which was completely negative. The present study also confirmed a previous reported ultrastructural finding that hemidesmosomes are not apparent in the hair bulb's exterior BMZ nor in the dermal papilla junctions. Instead, peculiar cloudy materials were seen in both the lamina densa and the adjacent epithelium outside the hair bulb. Taken together, the diminished expression of all the BMZ components outside the hair bulb, as well as the complete absence of BP230 at the dermal papilla junction, seem to be responsible for the incomplete ultrastructure of hemidesmosomes in these regions. Furthermore, the results in the present study led us to speculate that the expression of BMZ components inside and outside the hair bulb are markedly decreased in the transient regions of the hair follicle as compared with their expression in the permanent region, signified by the upper portion of the hair follicle. When the hair follicle moves upward in catagen or downward in anagen, the complete structure of the hemidesmosome may stabilize the upper portion to the surrounding connective tissues, while the incomplete hemidesmosome may facilitate the movement of the transient region.