Erectile and urinary dysfunction may be the presenting features in patients with multiple system atrophy: a retrospective study

Abstract

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by parkinsonism and cerebellar, autonomic, urinary, and/or pyramidal dysfunction. Urinary and erectile dysfunction (ED) symptoms are prominent early features in men with MSA. Autonomic failure, considered until recently to be the cause of ED in these men, is commonly expressed through symptoms of orthostatic hypotension (OH). The aim of this retrospective study is to examine the chronological relationship between the development of urogenital symptoms and those of OH in patients diagnosed with MSA and discuss its significance in the aetiology of ED in these patients. A total of 71 male patients, referred to a Uro-Neurology department with a diagnosis of 'probable MSA', were reviewed in terms of 'autonomic' symptoms only--OH and lower urinary tract symptoms, accompanied by ED--present at the time of their referral. Laboratory investigations including anal sphincter EMG and/or autonomic function tests (AFTs) were performed in 75 and 90% of the patients, respectively. At presentation, urinary complaints were recorded in 96% of patients and ED in all patients that this was inquired about. The onset of ED had preceded the onset of bladder symptoms in 58% and the onset of OH symptoms in 91% of these men. Bladder symptoms also preceded symptoms of OH in 76% of patients. Sphincter EMG was abnormal in 91% and AFTs in 77% of the patients tested. Almost all patients with abnormal EMG had troublesome urinary symptoms. AFTs showed similar sensitivity relating to symptoms. At presentation, urogenital symptoms are common in patients with probable MSA and are often not accompanied by symptoms of OH. The earlier occurrence of ED in men with MSA suggests a lack of a causal relationship to hypotension. The notion that MSA possibly affects the dopaminergic mechanism of erectile function is discussed.