Channel interactions with high-rate biphasic electrical stimulation in cochlear implant subjects

Abstract

Channel interactions were assessed using high-rate stimulation in cochlear implant subjects using the Ineraid electrode array. Stimulation currents were applied on one intracochlear electrode and their effects on psychophysical detection thresholds on an adjacent electrode were measured. Stimuli were trains of brief, biphasic, 50-micros/phase pulses presented at a rate of 2000 pulses per second per channel. In experiment I, we studied how the detection of a probe signal was influenced by a sub-threshold perturbation signal presented either simultaneously or non-simultaneously (with no overlap) on an adjacent electrode. Results showed that simultaneous activation led to strong channel interactions, producing threshold changes consistent with instantaneous electric field summation. Non-simultaneous activation revealed much weaker interactions, producing threshold changes of opposite sign. In experiment II, we studied how the temporal delay between perturbation and probe pulses, as well as how the level of the perturbation signal influenced non-simultaneous channel interactions. First, threshold changes when reversing the polarity of the perturbation did progressively vanish when increasing the delay between pulses. This suggested that non-overlapping stimulation of adjacent electrodes produced channel interactions that were in part due to residual polarization of the nerve membrane. Second, increasing the perturbation to supra-threshold levels produced threshold elevations that were independent of the interpulse interval. This suggested channel interactions due to neural masking. These results provide insights into the different concurrently active mechanisms of channel interactions in cochlear implant systems using this type of stimuli.