Tissue reaction to orthodontic tooth movement in different bone turnover conditions

Abstract

Objectives: To study the tissue reaction to orthodontic load in normal, high, and low bone turnover states.

Design: 'Split mouth' design performing orthodontic tooth movement in 52, 6-month-old male rats with: normal (n = 19), high (n = 16), and low bone turnover (n = 17), the latter two being obtained by induction of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively. Performed at the Department of Orthodontics at Aarhus University.

Experimental variable: The upper left first molar was moved for 21 days. Bone markers were administered 7 and 2 days before killing. Histological sections were cut at the coronal and apical levels.

Outcome measure: Alveolar socket area, periodontal ligament width, the relative extension of alveolar wall with erosion surfaces, and the mineralizing surfaces were measured and compared in the three groups.

Results: Alveolar socket, periodontal ligament width, and erosion surface were larger on the treated than on the control side in the three groups. The normal and hypothyroid groups showed a wider periodontal ligament at the bucco-distal site at the coronal level, while the hyperthyroid group showed a widening which was not spatially oriented. The normal and hyperthyroid groups showed higher erosion at the corono-mesial site. The mineralizing surfaces were larger on the treated than on the control side in the normal and hypothyroid groups, but not in the hyperthyroid group.

Conclusion: In the hyperthyroid group, the widening of the periodontal ligament was not spatially oriented and the increased erosion was not accompanied by increased formation, as observed in the normal and hypothyroid groups.