Delayed effects of accidental cutaneous radiation exposure: fifteen years of follow-up after the Chernobyl accident

Abstract

Background: During the Chernobyl accident in 1986, 237 individuals were identified as having the most severe exposure to ionizing radiation. In the period between 1998 and 2000, 99 long term survivors out of this group were reassessed for radiation-induced cutaneous lesions.

Objective: To identify sequelae of accidental cutaneous irradiation.

Methods: Detailed dermatologic examinations, including biopsies of suspicious cutaneous lesions for histopathologic examination and 20 MHz sonography, were performed in all patients.

Results: Twenty-two of the 99 patients displayed radiation-induced cutaneous lesions. Epidermal atrophy, telangiectases, and pigment alterations were present in all these individuals. Keratotic lesions were found in 14 patients. Cutaneous fibrosis was documented in 8 individuals by the use of 20 MHz sonography, while a radiation ulcer was found in 5. In one patient, two basal cell carcinomas were found.

Conclusion: The life-long follow-up of irradiated persons is of great importance in order to identify cutaneous neoplasms at an early treatable stage.