Ureteroscopic laser endopyelotomy: a single-center experience

Abstract

Purpose: We review our experience with ureteroscopic endopyelotomy using a holmium laser for correction of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction in order to further define the immediate and long-term results and complications.

Patients and methods: From 1999 to 2002, 11 men and 34 women (mean age 42 years) underwent 46 ureteroscopic holmium laser endopyelotomy procedures for treatment of primary (N=40) or secondary (N=5) UPJ obstruction. The inclusion criteria were a short (<2-cm) obstruction and absence of ipsilateral renal calculi. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative measures were obtained from a prospectively designed and updated database. The endopyelotomy was performed under direct vision using a semirigid (N=40) or flexible (N=5) ureteroscope with a laser setting of 1 J at 10 Hz. Radiographic confirmation of obstruction and the results of intervention was obtained by combinations of intravenous and diuretic urography, diuretic renography, ultrasonography, and CT. The first postoperative and latest radiographic follow-up studies were compared with the preoperative studies to determine whether the obstruction was resolved, unchanged, or worsened. Success was defined as symptomatic relief and radiographic resolution.

Results: The mean operative time was 65 minutes (range 10-153 minutes). There were no intraoperative complications, although 5 patients (11.1%) experienced postoperative complications consisting of subcapsular hematoma, pyelonephritis, sepsis, urinary retention, or dysrhythmia. Forty-two patients (93%) had a hospital stay of <23 hours. Stents were removed 3 to 8 weeks (mean 5 weeks) postoperatively. The mean length of follow-up was 23.2 months (range 5-43 months). Symptoms were resolved in 65.4% of patients, improved in 7.7%, unchanged in 11.5%, and worse in 15.4%. Radiographically, at latest follow-up, the obstruction was resolved in 73.1% of patients, unchanged in 23.1%, and worse in 3.8%. Primary UPJ obstruction was associated with a symptomatic success rate of 68% compared with only 50% for secondary UPJ obstruction.

Conclusions: Ureteroscopic laser endopyelotomy is a minimally invasive, short-stay outpatient procedure associated with a 65.4% symptomatic and 73.1% radiographic success rate. In contrast to the findings in previous reports of results of retrograde or antegrade endopyelotomy, patients treated for primary UPJ obstruction experienced higher rates of success than those with secondary obstruction.