Sonography with intraarterial infusion of carbon dioxide microbubbles (sonographic angiography): value in differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors

Abstract

Differential diagnosis of small liver tumors is important, but is not always possible, even with angiography. To solve this problem, we introduced sonographic angiography, which combines sonography and angiography. The vascular pattern of a variety of hepatic nodules was evaluated with sonographic angiography, and the results were compared with those of conventional angiography. Sonographic angiography (sonography performed during intraarterial infusion of carbon dioxide microbubbles) was performed in 184 patients with a total of 222 hepatic nodules: 139 hepatocellular carcinomas, nine adenomatous hyperplasias, seven regenerative nodules, 21 hemangiomas, 33 metastases, seven lymphomas, one granuloma, and five focal nodular hyperplasias. Sonographic angiography detected a hypervascular pattern with peripheral blood supply in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 89%). Typical vascular patterns of adenomatous hyperplasia, hemangioma, metastasis, and focal nodular hyperplasia on sonographic angiography were hypovascularity (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 91%), spotty pooling (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 100%), peripheral hypervascularity (sensitivity, 64%; specificity, 100%), respectively. The detectability of hypervascularity was greater with sonographic angiography than with conventional angiography in hepatocellular carcinoma, metastasis, and hemangioma. Our experience indicates that sonographic angiography depicts characteristic vascular features that reflect the vascular anatomy of specific types of hepatic tumors, and thus is useful in the differential diagnosis of these lesions.