Alpha-helical coiled-coil stalks in the low-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII/CD23) and related C-type lectins

Abstract

The low-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII/CD23) is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a role in both cellular immunity and allergic inflammation. Its extracellular IgE-binding domain bears homology to C-type animal lectins, and the protein is, therefore, classified as a member of this superfamily. We predict that this lectin-like domain is separated from the cell membrane by an extensive region of alpha-helical coiled-coil structure, based upon sequence comparisons with tropomyosin, the archetypal alpha-helical coiled-coil structure, and detection of characteristic heptad repeats. Analysis of other receptor protein sequences identified a similar structural motif in other membrane-bound members of the C-type lectin superfamily, including the asialoglycoprotein receptor, the Kupffer cell receptor, and the B-cell differentiation antigen Lyb-2 (CD72). It appears that within the C-type lectin superfamily, there is a subfamily of structurally related membrane-bound receptor proteins that contain alpha-helical coiled-coil stalks of various lengths.