Urinary leukotriene E4 in bronchial asthma

Abstract

Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) is excreted into the urine in a relatively constant proportion of 4-7% when either leukotriene C4 (LTC4) or LTE4 is intravenously infused, regardless of the magnitude of the infused dose. Measurement of LTE4 in urine is, therefore, a convenient and non-invasive method for assessing changes in the rate of total body sulphidopeptide leukotriene production. We assayed urinary LTE4 in 17 normal subjects, 31 subjects with asthma without aspirin sensitivity, and 10 aspirin-sensitive subjects. The relationship between urinary LTE4 and nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, as assessed by the provocative dose producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PD20) to inhaled histamine, was examined in 19 non-aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects. The urinary LTE4 values were log-normally distributed. Urinary LTE4 was detected in 28 of the 31 non-aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects, and the geometric mean (95% confidence interval (CI) of 43 (32-57) pg.mg-1 creatinine was no different to that of 34 (25-48) pg.mg-1 creatinine measured in the normal subjects. The geometric mean of 101 (55-186) pg.mg-1 creatinine measured in the aspirin-sensitive asthmatics was significantly higher than that measured in the normal subjects (p less than 0.005) and in the asthmatic subjects who were non-aspirin-sensitive (p less than 0.002), but there was considerable overlap between the three groups. There was no relationship between urinary LTE4 and PD20, or between urinary LTE4 and baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (% predicted). Thus, measurement of LTE4 in a single sample of urine will not predict the extent of bronchial hyperresponsiveness or degree of airflow obstruction.