Granulocyte turnover in the feline intestine

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the turnover rate of the extravascular pool of granulocytes in different regions of the feline gastrointestinal tract. Leukocyte emigration from the vasculature was prevented over a 48-h period by repeated intravenous injections of a monoclonal antibody (MAb IB4) directed against the leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein complex CD11/CD18. Tissue-associated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was used to monitor the total tissue granulocyte pool at 0.5, 12, 24, and 48 h after MAb IB4 administration. The mucosal layer of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon exhibited different kinetics of granulocyte clearance, with average life-spans (t1/2) ranging between 6.9 (colon) and 10.4 h (duodenum). Granulocyte clearance rates of 0.5 x 10(6) and 2.4 x 10(6) cells/h/g tissue were estimated (from measured values of t1/2 and tissue granulocyte pool) for the small bowel and colonic mucosae, respectively. The submucosal layer of the intestine exhibited a biphasic reduction in tissue MPO activity following immunoneutralization of CD11/CD18, with an initial t1/2 < or = 0.5 h followed by a t1/2 of 36-60 h. The initial rapid decline in tissue MPO suggests that a significant fraction of granulocytes in the submucosa is localized in a readily exchangeable pool (e.g., marginated cells within the vasculature). The results of this study indicate that the average life-span of resident granulocytes varies significantly between different regions of the gastrointestinal tract, with the intestinal mucosa exhibiting a t1/2 comparable to that previously reported for circulating feline neutrophils (approximately 8 h).