Influence of single administration of different diets on the energy metabolism at temperatures of 10,20 and 30 degrees C in the golden hamster

Abstract

Fed animals have a higher resting metabolic rate in the thermoneutral zone than fasting ones. The metabolic increase is due to the specific dynamic action of food. With a decline of environmental temperature this increase in metabolism either declines or remains unchanged; decisive is whether the heat is used for thermoregulation or not (Mejsnar and Janský 1971). The objective of our work was to find out to what extent a single intake of a diet with a different ratio of nutrients can influence resting metabolism in the golden hamster and whether this heat can be used for thermoregulation in the cold. Female golden hamsters aged 6-8 weeks kept at a constant temperature of 22 +/-1 degrees C with twelve-hour alternation of light (6 a.m. - 6 p.m.) and darkness ( 6 p.m. - 6 a.m.) were used for the experiments. The oxygen consumption was assessed after a single intake of a standard, high-carbohydrate (76 cal.% starch), high-fat (80 cal.% margarine) and high-protein (82 cal.% casein) diet-for detailed composition see Fábry (1959). The food was given at 6.m. after previous 20 hours of fasting. Animals were then transferred into the respiration chamber and kept there for three hours, including one hour when they were left to settle down; during this period the oxygen consumption was not measured. Oxygen consumption measurement started at 9 a.m. and lasted till 11 a.m. The metabolism of the animals at rest was assessed at temperatures of 10, 20 and 30 degrees C by measuring the oxygen consumption by the interferometric method (Wollschitt et al. 1935). The results are expressed in ml of oxygen per g of body weight per hour. The relationship between the metabolism at rest and environmental temperatures in hamsters given a single dose of standard, high-proetin, high-fat or high-carbohydrate diet is apparent from Table 1. The maximum increase of oxygen consumption after administration of the experimental diets was found at a temperature of 30 degrees C. At an environmental temperature of 20 degrees C the administration of the high-protein and high-fat diet causes roughly the same increase of metabolism. The high-carbohydrate diet increase is only one third of thevalues found, in the remaining two diets at the same temperature and is non-significant. At the environmental temperature of 10 degrees C all the diets used increased the oxygen consumption insignificantly. The changes in metabolism at different environmental temperatures after administration of various diets expressed as percentage of metabolism at 30 degrees C in animals fed the standard diet indicate that the specific dynamic action of the high-protein and high-fats diets is lower at lowered temperatures. We may thus assume that the heat produced as a result of specific dynamic action of the high-protein and high-fat diets is perhaps used for thermoregulation. The role of specific dynamic action of high-carbohydrate diet for thermoregulation is not clear from our experiments. The role of specific dynamic action of food was assessed by several authors...