Making sense of NSAID gastropathy and considering the therapeutic options

Abstract

There is increasing recognition that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), while quite effective in treating arthritic symptoms, are associated with gastrointestinal mucosal damage. Although therapy for patients with NSAID-induced ulcers or those at high risk of developing them is still a matter of debate, the current literature supports the use of misoprostol as the only drug effective for the prevention of both NSAID-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration. It has also been shown to treat NSAID-induced gastropathy in patients continuing their NSAID therapy. In a study of misoprostol (100 or 200 micrograms QID) plus NSAID, after three months of continuous therapy, a significantly lower frequency of gastric ulcers in the misoprostol-treated group was revealed: 100 micrograms misoprostol, 5.6%; 200 micrograms misoprostol, 1.4%; placebo, 21.7%. A recent three-month, placebo-controlled study established the efficacy of misoprostol 200 micrograms QID in the prevention of NSAID-induced duodenal ulcers in 429 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or other rheumatic disease, who were receiving daily treatment with various NSAIDs. The incidence of duodenal ulcer development over three months was 1.0% in patients treated with misoprostol versus 6.3% in placebo-treated patients (P = 0.004). The same trial also evaluated the efficacy of misoprostol 200 micrograms QID versus placebo in preventing NSAID-induced gastric ulcers. The incidence of gastric ulcer over the three-month treatment period was 1.5% in patients treated with misoprostol versus 9.0% in placebo-treated patients (P = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)