The effects of the stereoisomers of propafenone and diprafenone in guinea-pig heart

Abstract

1. Optically pure enantiomers of propafenone and diprafenone were prepared from their racemic mixtures and tested for their ability to block beta-adrenoceptors and to prolong functional refractory period in the guinea-pig heart. beta-Adrenoceptor affinity of the enantiomers was determined by the radioligand binding technique and in functional experiments. 2. Propafenone and diprafenone inhibited specific binding of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (-)-[3H]-CGP-12177 to guinea-pig myocardial membranes. beta-Adrenoceptor affinities of diprafenone enantiomers exceeded those of corresponding propafenone enantiomers by one order of magnitude. Displacement of (-)-[3H]-CGP-12177 by both antiarrhythmics was highly stereoselective, in that the (S)-enantiomers were 40-60 fold, i.e. 1.6-1.8 log units more potent than the (R)-enantiomers. 3. Propafenone and diprafenone antagonized the positive inotropic action of isoprenaline in isolated atria. beta-Adrenoceptor antagonist potencies of diprafenone enantiomers were about one order of magnitude higher than those of corresponding propafenone enantiomers. For both drugs the (S)-enantiomer was found to be considerably more potent (14-40 fold) than the (R)-enantiomer. 4. Propafenone and diprafenone prolonged functional refractory period of isolated auricles with equal potency and no difference in the antiarrhythmic activity of purified enantiomers was found. 5. It is concluded that the enantiomers of propafenone and diprafenone exert comparable antiarrhythmic activity, whereas only (S)-enantiomers block cardiac beta-adrenoceptors with high affinity, which explains the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist effects of the racemic drugs.