Analgesic use in home hospice cancer patients

Abstract

Background: Pain control in hospice patients in the home may be compromised by concerns about overuse of analgesics, particularly narcotics.

Methods: A retrospective chart audit of analgesic type and amount was performed on the medical records of 100 cancer patients receiving hospice care in the home. Different types and amounts of analgesics were converted to a common standard, an oral morphine equivalent (OME) relative to 1 mg of oral morphine sulfate. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize patient analgesic use during the entire course of hospice care and the last 5 days of life. Associations between analgesic use and select patient characteristics (age, sex, cancer site, metastases, and pain intensity at admission) were explored.

Results: Ninety-one percent of the sample had used analgesics at some time during hospice care. The proportion of patients using analgesics increased as death approached. The mean and median daily analgesic use over the entire period were 114 and 82 OMEs and during the last 5 days 140 and 84 OMEs, respectively. The range of mean daily analgesic use was between 10 and 735 OMEs.

Conclusions: Individual variability in analgesic use was demonstrated. Not all patients required analgesics, and among those who did there was remarkable variation in the amount used. Large and even enormous doses of analgesics may sometimes be required to control cancer pain.