Menorrhagia. Current drug treatment concepts

Abstract

Since menorrhagia occurs in 9 to 14% of populations of healthy women, many general practitioners will encounter menorrhagia-related problems. Menorrhagia is difficult to objectify and the choice of treatment between the available drugs is not always an easy one. In this survey, the available knowledge on menorrhagia diagnosis, underlying pathophysiology and treatment, especially medicinal treatment, are discussed. Overall, a practical approach is emphasised. The desire for contraception as well as the underlying cause of menorrhagia determine the drug of choice in the treatment of menorrhagia. If contraception is desired, oral combination contraceptives and continuously dosed progestogens, orally or as a medicated intrauterine device (IUD), are the first choice drugs for essential menorrhagia, and for fibroid- and bleeding disorder-associated menorrhagia. If no contraception is desired, the first choice treatments are drugs that need to be administered only during menstruation, such as prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors or antifibrinolytics. Of these, antifibrinolytics reduce menstrual blood loss to the greatest extent, whereas prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors have the lowest incidence of side effects. Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors also have the extra advantage of diminishing dysmenorrhoea. There is no place for ergometrine in the treatment of menorrhagia. No studies are available as yet on the combination of various drug treatment modalities, although such an evaluation would be desirable.